Riverdale

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Location of Riverdale in New York City
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Location of Riverdale in the Bronx

Riverdale (population 47,850, according to the 2000 U.S. Census) is a residential neighborhood in the northwest portion of the Bronx in New York City. Riverdale contains the northernmost point in the city of New York.

Riverdale's ZIP codes are 10463 and 10471. While 10471 is entirely in Riverdale, 10463 also covers the adjacent neighborhoods of Kingsbridge and Marble Hill.

Contents

History

Bell Tower Park in Riverdale

Riverdale was a nineteenth century estate district where many of Manhattan's nineteenth century moguls built their country estates. At the turn of the century, the new popularity of rail commuting meant that wealthy businessmen made Riverdale their year-round residence. The Fieldston neighborhood, because it is owned by a private association, is a particularly intact example of a turn-of-the century upper class suburb. The Hudson Hill neighborhood retains many of its historic mansions. Riverdale's elite private schools and historic churches also reflect this past.

As the twentieth century progressed, apartment buildings and smaller houses were added to the neighborhood, although Riverdale continues to maintain its character as a relatively affluent enclave in the city of New York.

The rich history of Riverdale has led to the creation of the Riverdale Historic District. The exact area is bound roughly by 252nd and 254th Streets and Palisade and Independence Avenues. Leland Weintraub, the commissioner who moved for the district's creation, noted that "most of the features commonly associated with the American romantic suburb of the mid-19th century," including "a picturesque site, landscaping and architecture; connection to the city by accessible transportation and a layout adapted to the topography" are present in the area.[1]

In May 2009, the FBI ran a sting operation in which two Riverdale synagogues were the suggested targets.[2] This followed the 1989 firebombing of the Riverdale Press.[3]

Cityscape

Housing in Riverdale ranges from multi-story apartment buildings dating from the 1950s and 60s, such as The Century Building, 3333 Henry Hudson Parkway, and 555 Kappock Street to large, architecturally distinguished houses built in the early 20th century, mostly in Georgian- and Tudor-revival styles. It is also home to the modernist landmark Saul Victor house, designed by Ferdinand Gottlieb in 1967.[4] Other famous mansions in the Hudson Hill neighborhood include: Greyston (1864), Alderbrook (1880), Stonehurst (1861) and Oaklawn (1863).[5] Since 2005, Central Riverdale has experienced a building boom with the addition of many mid- and high-rise condominium buildings.

In August 2008, Columbia University purchased an almost-completed apartment building by Henry Hudson Parkway for use as faculty housing.

Riverdale is in a sense the closest northern suburb[citation needed] of New York City although it is not its own municipality. Administratively, Riverdale is part of Community Board 8.[6] Wave Hill, a combination botanical garden and outdoor art gallery, is located in the so-called Estate Area overlooking the Hudson River.

Two weekly newspapers, the Riverdale Press and the Riverdale Review, focus on news of interest to residents of the neighborhood.

Gaelic Park, the headquarters of the New York GAA, is where Gaelic football and hurling are played in the New York metropolitan area. It is located at West 240th Street.

Education

Riverdale is home to three prominent private schools (Horace Mann, Riverdale Country, and Fieldston), and two Roman Catholic colleges, (The College of Mount Saint Vincent and Manhattan College) and The Academy for Jewish Religion is one of two similarly-named transdenominational rabbinical schools, the other located in Los Angeles, California.

The public elementary schools are the Spuyten Duyvil School (P.S. 24)[7] and the Robert J. Christen School (P.S. 81).[8] The public middle school and high school is M.S./H.S 141, the Riverdale Kingsbridge Academy.[9] Nearby high schools that also serve the community include the Bronx High School of Science and John F. Kennedy High School.

Two important institutions of higher education are located in Riverdale. Manhattan College a co-educational Catholic College with education in the Lasalian tradition and the College of Mount Saint Vincent's in North Riverdale.

The late twentieth century increase in the Jewish population of the neighborhood has meant that Riverdale is now home to top-ranked Jewish day schools, the SAR Academy, a elementary school, and the SAR High School, as well as the Yeshiva of Telshe Alumni and Yeshiva Ohavei Torah of Riverdale. Kinneret Day School[10] is a private Jewish day school in Spuyten Duyvil, serving grades K through 8 in addition to pre-school. Catholic elementary schools in the area are St. Gabriel's School and St. Margaret of Cortona School.

Also in the area are several pre-schools including the Riverdale Temple Nursery School, Spuyten Duyvil Preschool,[11] Kinneret Day School,[10] SAR Academy (Early Learning Center) Riverdale Nursery School and Family Center,[12] and the Riverdale Presbyterian Church Nursery School.[13]

Museums

  • The Derfner Judaica Museum is a museum of Jewish art.
  • Wave Hill is a botanical garden featuring two preserved historic mansions. It has exhibit spaces with a rotating series of art exhibitions, and performance spaces with a noted series of concerts.

Demographics

As of the 2000 census, there were 47,850 people residing in Riverdale. The population density was 19,997 per square mile (7,724/km²). The racial makeup of the neighborhood was 78.74% White (71.89% White Non-Hispanic), 5.36% Asian, 0.05% Pacific Islander, 7.66% Black, 0.16% Native American, 4.85% from other races, and 3.18% from two or more races. Of those, 13.38% of the population were Hispanic of any race. Fully 24.15% of the population was foreign born; of this, 51.76% came from Europe, 22.92% from Latin America, 21.71% from Asia and 3.61% from other parts of the world.

In 1974, a large residential compound and school was established in North Riverdale by the Permanent Mission of the USSR to the United Nations (now the Russian Mission to the UN) to house diplomats and their families. The 20-story building was constructed from the top down, with the upper floors built first.[14]

Riverdale is a somewhat eclectic neighborhood. Much of its area, particularly along the Hudson west of Riverdale Avenue and north of 239th Street, consists of low density estates; these areas are generally considered upper-class. However, the bulk of the population lives in middle-class high density subsections such as Spuyten Duyvil.

Geography

Riverdale is about three square miles in area. It is bordered on the north by the city of Yonkers, Westchester County, New York; to the east by Van Cortlandt Park and the Kingsbridge section of the Bronx; to the west by the Hudson River; and to the south by the Harlem River.

The subsections of Riverdale are:

  • Spuyten Duyvil / South Riverdale (Riverdale below West 232nd Street)
  • Central Riverdale (The "downtown" of Riverdale - from Manhattan College Parkway to West 232nd Street and from the Henry Hudson Parkway to Riverdale Avenue and Waldo Avenue)
  • Fieldston (Riverdale south and east of the Henry Hudson Parkway, north of Manhattan College Parkway and west of Tibbett Avenue)
  • North Riverdale (Riverdale above West 254th Street)

The leafy, scenic enclave of Fieldston, a private community, was designated as an historic district by the New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission in 2006.

Fire department

The Riverdale section of the Bronx is protected by the FDNY Fire Station # 52 or Engine 52/Ladder 52, located at 4550 Riverdale Avenue opposite of the Henry Hudson Parkway in Central Riverdale. Engine 52/Ladder 52 is the only firehouse in the Riverdale Section and the most northern fire station in the FDNY. Also, the companies of Engine and Ladder 52 are the second of two fire companies where the engine company and the ladder company each have the same number, the other being Engine and Ladder 10 on Liberty Street in Lower Manhattan. Engine Company 52 currently operates a 2003 Seagrave Commander II Custom 1000/500 Pumper Engine and Ladder Company 52 currently operates a 2006 Seagrave Commander II Custom 100' Rear-Mount Aerial Ladder Truck. Both companies use Seagrave Fire Apparatus, the main manufacturer of fire apparatus for the FDNY.

Churches and synagogues

Riverdale Bombing

Main Article 2009 New York terrorism plot

In May 2009, two local synagogues were threatened, but no actual damage was done since the bombs turned out to be blanks

Community organizations

Bronx Community Board 8 
A group of community members working under the mandate of the City Charter to monitor the delivery of city services, establish budget priorities, and influence land-use decisions.
Riverdale Hatzalah Volunteer Ambulance Corp.[16] 
A local Volunteer EMS Corp., supported by community donations, that offers fast, reliable medical treatment and transport free of charge.
Riverdale YM-YWHA 
A community center for youth, adult and senior activities.

Kids' After-School Activities

Music Together North Riverdale YM-YWHA; Riverdale Jewish Center (RJC); The Atria; Riverdale Neighborhood House
music classes for babies/toddlers/preschoolers
---Central Riverdale---
Riverdale Kenshikai Karate, 3607 Fieldston Road
karate
Sophia's Fitness & Dance Studio, 3501 Riverdale
dance classes
Astral Fitness
Tae kwon do.
NY Public Library
books, videos
The Spa at The Whitehall
swimming
Michele Compa Dance & Exercise Center, 3590 Netherland Avenue
dance and gymnastics
---South Riverdale---
TCR-The Club of Riverdale
tennis, swimming, basketball, indoor gym sports
---North Riverdale---
Riverdale YM-YWHA
wide array of activities. Riverdale Y has an official afterschool program with bus transportation from all the schools in Riverdale.
Wave Hill
tours, art classes, beautiful garden

Literature and movies

 Lists of miscellaneous information should be avoided. Please relocate any relevant information into appropriate sections or articles. (August 2009)

The exteriors of many of Riverdale's locations have been used in movies.

Elia Kazan's 1961 classic "Splendor in the Grass" starring Natalie Wood and Warren Beatty included several scenes shot at the elite Horace Mann School

In 1938's "Bringing Up Baby", Katharine Hepburn and Cary Grant's characters visit a Riverdale estate owned by the fictional "Peabody" family

In 2005's "Good Night, and Good Luck", George Clooney's character Fred Friendly states that he is relocating to a nice house in Riverdale

In J.D. Salinger's "The Catcher in the Rye", Holden Caulfied takes the IRT Broadway – Seventh Avenue Line subway to the 242nd St./Van Cortlandt Park stop in Riverdale

Archie Andrews and his friends live in Riverdale. Its exact geographical location is not mentioned, although it is a coastal city and receives snowfall in the winter.

In the film, 25th Hour, when Monty asks Naturelle whether or not she is on a scholarship, she replies, "What, I can't be from Riverdale?"

Dorney and Malone's Tavern on Broadway was filmed in the 2007 romantic comedy The Accidental Husband, starring Uma Thurman. In one scene in Mean Streets, two teenagers from Riverdale are swindled when they attempt to purchase illegal firecrackers.

Frank Sinatra shot a few scenes of his movie "Contract on Cherry Street" on Fairfield Ave. in the late 70s.

"Law and Order" regularly shoots throughout Riverdale

Transportation

File:Riverdale train station 800.jpg
The Riverdale train station on the Metro-North Railroad

The northern terminal station of the IRT Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line of the New York City Subway is located at the intersection of 242nd Street and Broadway. The tracks and stations are elevated along Broadway in Kingsbridge. Riverdale is accessible from Kingsbridge and from Inwood by city bus lines that run throughout the Riverdale area. Metro-North commuter railroad service is available at the Spuyten Duyvil station, located underneath the Henry Hudson Parkway and alongside the shore of the Harlem River at Edsall Avenue. Metro-North service is also available at the Riverdale station, located between West 254th Street and West 255th Street. The 242nd Street elevated subway station is served by the 1, while the Spuyten Duyvil and Riverdale railroad stations are served by the Hudson Line. Metro-North commuting time from the Spuyten Duyvil station to Grand Central Terminal in Midtown Manhattan is around 22 minutes.

Manhattan can also be reached by MTA Bus Company's (formerly Liberty Lines) express routes. By car, Riverdale is commonly reached by the Henry Hudson Parkway (Route 9A), which bisects much of the neighborhood. This major thoroughfare connects it to Manhattan over the Henry Hudson Bridge to the south. One can also drive between Manhattan and Riverdale via the Broadway Bridge, which is on Broadway, by the Harlem River.

Notable natives and residents

References

  1. ↑ Staff. "Postings: Historic Designation; Recognizing Riverdale.", The New York Times [New York, N.Y.] 21 Oct. 1990, Late Edition (East Coast): A.1. Accessed June 11, 2009.
  2. ↑ Hernandez, Javier C.; Chan, Sewell (May 22, 2009). "N.Y. Bomb Plot Suspects Acted Alone, Police Say". The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2009/05/22/nyregion/22terror.html?hp. Retrieved April 10, 2010. 
  3. ↑ Two Rabbis Find They’re Separated Only by Doctrine By SAMUEL G. FREEDMAN. To the would-be bombers of two Bronx houses of worship, the distinctions between Reform and Orthodox Judaism were either irrelevant or invisible. May 30, 2009
  4. ↑ AIA Guide to New York City, p. 610
  5. ↑ Riverdale, New York - Estate Area. 4 July 2008 <http://www.robertehill.com/Riverdale_Estate_Area.asp>
  6. ↑ Welcome to Community Board No. 8, Bronx Community Board 8. Accessed May 3, 2008.
  7. ↑ InsideSchools profile of P.S. 24 Spuyten Duyvil School
  8. ↑ InsideSchools profile of P.S. 81 Robert J. Christen School
  9. ↑ Riverdale Kingsbridge Academy
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 Kinneret Day School
  11. ↑ Spuyten Duyvil preschool
  12. ↑ RNSFC
  13. ↑ RPC Nursery School
  14. ↑ Siegal, Allan M. "Russian Building Going Up Form the Top Down; The Construction Technique", The New York Times, June 17, 1974. Accessed May 5, 2008.
  15. ↑ Congregation Tehillah
  16. ↑ Riverdale Hatzalah
  17. ↑ Goodman, Lawrence. 'Too Jew For Who?", Brown Alumni Magazine, March / April 2008. Accessed May 4, 2008. "Altman, who grew up in the Riverdale section of the Bronx, doesn't consider himself religious."
  18. ↑ 18.0 18.1 18.2 18.3 A Brief History of Wave Hill, Wave Hill. Accessed May 3, 2008.
  19. ↑ Oestreich, James R. "Rudolf Bing, Titan of the Met, Dies at 95", The New York Times, September 3, 1997. Accessed May 4, 2008. "Sir Rudolf Bing, who as the dapper and acerbic general manager of the Metropolitan Opera from 1950 to 1972 ushered the company into the modern era and into Lincoln Center, died yesterday at St. Joseph's Hospital in Yonkers. He was 95 and lived at the Hebrew Home for the Aged at Riverdale in the Bronx.... In 1989, Sir Rudolf was admitted to the Hebrew Home for the Aged at Riverdale with what was diagnosed as Alzheimer's disease."
  20. ↑ "June Bingham Birge, Who Wrote Books and Plays, Dies at 88", The New York Times, August 29, 2007. Accessed May 4, 2008. "June Bingham Birge, the author of books and plays, died on Aug. 21 at her home in the Riverdale section of the Bronx. She was 88."
  21. ↑ 21.0 21.1 Jacobson, Mark. "Joltin' Jew", New York (magazine), April 17, 2006. Accessed May 3, 2008. "I lived in Riverdale, in the same building with Willie Mays."
  22. ↑ Lehmann-Haupt, Christopher. "Ted Brown, Talk Show Host and New York Radio D.J., Is Dead", The New York Times, March 22, 2005. Accessed May 4, 2008. "As a teenager in the 1950's, Jonathan Schwartz, another New York radio colleague, watched Mr. Brown broadcasting from his basement studio at his home in Riverdale, in the Bronx."
  23. ↑ "Designated Hebrew" By Ron Blomberg, Page 120
  24. ↑ Gorenberg, Gershom. "How Do You Prove You’re a Jew?", The New York Times, March 2, 2008. Accessed May 4, 2008. "Farber, 41, has a round, clean-shaven face and frameless glasses that make him look like an earnest grad student. He grew up in Riverdale, N.Y., attending the kind of Orthodox parochial school that, he told me, “celebrated Americanism,” that turned the American bicentennial into the focus of an entire school year."
  25. ↑ "Profile: Fernando Ferrer", The New York Times, August 10, 2005. Accessed May 4, 2008. "HOMETOWN Riverdale, the Bronx"
  26. ↑ Bernstein, Nina. "Ward of the State;The Gap in Ella Fitzgerald's Life", The New York Times, June 23, 1996. Accessed May 3, 2008. "Her most recent biographer, Stuart Nicholson, has surmised that the authorities caught up with her and placed her in the Colored Orphan Asylum in Riverdale."
  27. ↑ "SIDNEY FREY DIES; MADE HI-FI DISKS; Ex-Head of Audio Fidelity, 47, Popularized Stereo", The New York Times, January 14, 1968. Accessed July 26, 2008.
  28. ↑ Dempsey, John. "TV news giant Friendly dies: Legacy of integrity and highest standards", Variety (magazine), March 5, 1998. Accessed May 3, 2008. "Slowed by several strokes in recent years, Friendly was at home in the Riverdale section of the Bronx, just north of Manhattan, when he died."
  29. ↑ Yardley, Jonathan. "Book World Live: Luckiest Man: The Life and Death of Lou Gehrig", The Washington Post, April 5, 2005. Accessed May 3, 2008. "On June 2, 1941, just days short of his 38th birthday, Henry Louis Gehrig died at his house in the pleasant New York City neighborhood of Riverdale."
  30. ↑ Lucy interviews Jordan Gelber, Avenue Q. Accessed May 4, 2008.
  31. ↑ 31.0 31.1 Stern, Sarah. "'Frumpies' Come to Town And Observe Shabbos in Riverdale", The Forward, April 8, 1994. Accessed June 11, 2009. "'Now it's commonplace,' says Blu Greenberg, a long time Riverdale resident, author and feminist. Ms. Greenberg, married to Rabbi Yitz Greenberg..."
  32. ↑ Goldberger, Paul. "CHARLES E. HUGHES 3D DEAD; LEADER IN BANK ARCHITECTURE", The New York Times, January 10, 1985. Accessed May 4, 2008. "Mr. Hughes, who lived in the Riverdale section of the Bronx, was the grandson of Charles Evans Hughes, the former Chief Justice of the United States."
  33. ↑ Eder, Richard. "BOOK REVIEW Living at the Low End of the Upper Crust GENTLEMAN REBEL The Memoirs of H. Stuart Hughes.", Los Angeles Times, December 13, 1990. Accessed May 4, 2008. "Surely, that baked Henry Stuart into the upper crust. Perhaps, the bottom of the upper crust, he muses. But then there were the Kennedys; much richer, and beginning to be more powerful. When Joseph P. Kennedy moved from Riverdale to greater things, the Hugheses thriftily bought his house. Yet they-the Hugheses-were received by Hudson River Society; the Kennedys were not."
  34. ↑ McNeil, Kate. 'For Yeshiva's president, life can imitate television", The Riverdale Press, January 3, 2008. Accessed May 3, 2008. "Riverdale resident Richard Joel compares his job - president of Yeshiva University - to the presidency of the United States."
  35. ↑ Eric R. Kandel: Autobiography, Nobel Prize. Accessed May 3, 2008. "Finally, Denise was on the Columbia faculty and our house in Riverdale was near Columbia, thereby greatly simplifying our lives."
  36. ↑ McPhee, Michele; and Wedge, Dave. "The Fall of Joan", Boston magazine, August 2005. Accessed May 4, 2008. "Virginia Joan Bennett was born September 9, 1936, in the Riverdale section of the Bronx, a neighborhood that closely resembles the lace-curtain Irish communities in Boston where paintings and photographs of JFK still hang on the walls."
  37. ↑ 37.0 37.1 Gross, Max. "Riverdale Run", The New York Post, April 24, 2008. Accessed May 3, 2008. "Over the years, these areas, filled with multimillion-dollar homes, have attracted the rich and privileged, including Lou Gehrig, Ella Fitzgerald and Sugar Ray Robinson. John F. Kennedy spent his youth in an enormous white mansion on Independence Avenue."
  38. ↑ Bernstein, Nina; and Stein, Robin. "Mystery Woman in Kerik Case: Nanny", The New York Times, December 16, 2004. Accessed May 4, 2008. "Most puzzled about the nanny, perhaps, are former neighbors of the Keriks and their kin. In the Riverdale section of the Bronx, where the family lived in a first-floor apartment for years before moving last year into the Franklin Lakes home they had extensively renovated, neighbors did not recall any household help."
  39. ↑ 39.0 39.1 39.2 39.3 39.4 39.5 39.6 Jackson, Nancy Beth. "If You're Thinking of Living In/Fieldston; A Leafy Enclave in the Hills of the Bronx", The New York Times, February 17, 2002. Accessed May 3, 2008. "Fiorello H. La Guardia, a three-time mayor of New York, lived and died at 5020 Goodridge Avenue.... After World War II, Richard Simon, founder of Simon & Schuster, bought a Georgian red-brick Baum house where he brought up his three musical daughters: Joanna, Lucy and Carly. TODAY, residents include United Nations ambassadors from Benin and Guinea; Jennifer J. Raab, president of Hunter College and former head of the city's Landmarks Preservation Commission; and G. Oliver Koppell, the former New York attorney general newly elected to the City Council. Theodore Kheel, the labor lawyer, has a house around the corner from Ruth Friendly..."
  40. ↑ McCarthy, Peggy. "A New York Irishman, and Flaunting It", The New York Times, March 16, 1997. Accessed May 4, 2008. "WHEN John L. Lahey was growing up in St. Margaret's parish in the Riverdale section of the Bronx, he thought the world was Irish."
  41. ↑ Novelist Christopher Lehmann-Haupt to Read at Mount Saint Vincent, College of Mount Saint Vincent press release dated September 2, 2005. Accessed May 4, 2008. "A former senior daily book reviewer for The New York Times, Lehmann-Haupt resides in Riverdale with his wife, writer Natalie Robins."
  42. ↑ Bruni, Frank. "Manhattan Through a Warped Window; Featured in a Film: A Homeless Tour Guide's Offbeat City View", The New York Times, October 1, 1998. Accessed May 4, 2008. "Mr. Levitch grew up in a middle-class Jewish family of five in Riverdale, the Bronx, and attended Horace Mann, a respected private school."
  43. ↑ Collins, Glenn. " BASEBALL: SUBWAY SERIES; 1956 vs. 2000? It's Deja Vu All Over Again, Except for When It's Not", The New York Times, October 21, 2000. Accessed May 3, 2008. "In 1956, the Dodger legend Pee Wee Reese occupied a modest brick duplex on Barwell Terrace in Bay Ridge, pitcher Sal Maglie lived in Riverdale and many Yankees occupied an apartment hotel on the Grand Concourse in the Bronx."
  44. ↑ Wolfer, Sondra. "Olympic fencer Tim Morehouse takes his stab at being the best", New York Daily News, July 21, 2008. Accessed August 5, 2008. "As a young teen, Tim Morehouse took up fencing at the Riverdale Country School as an excuse to get out of gym class.... Almost kicked off his first fencing team for skipping practices, the Riverdale native was encouraged by a patient coach and discovered a passion for the sport."
  45. ↑ Hartocollis, Anemona. "Apartment Complex Official Accused of Taking $1 Million", The New York Times, March 20, 2008. "The Century, built in 1976, is home to Tracy Morgan, the actor and comedian."
  46. ↑ Glueck, Grace. "ART: PERU'S 'NAZCA LINES' AS SEEN FROM AIR", The New York Times, February 5, 1982. Accessed May 3, 2008. "Feb. 20 marks the 100th birthday of the sculptor Elie Nadelman (1882-1946), who spent the last 26 years of his life living and working in the Riverdale section of the Bronx."
  47. ↑ Boxing Legends - Ray Robinson
  48. ↑ Parhizkar, Maryam. "David Shapiro ’68: Four Decades of Poems", Columbia College Today, May/June 2007. Accessed May 4, 2008.
  49. ↑ Maslin, Janet. "Heroines in the Footlights, From All Sides Now", The New York Times, April 17, 2008. Accessed May 3, 2008. "And Ms. Weller segues neatly from the fictional melodramas watched by the young Ms. Mitchell (then Roberta Joan Anderson) on Canadian movie screens to the real-life ones unfolding in Ms. Simon’s privileged, sexually overcharged household in Riverdale in New York."
  50. ↑ Lowenstein, Roger. "As Governor, What Would His Battles Be?", The New York Times, July 16, 2006. Accessed April 13, 2008. "Eliot and his two siblings grew up in the prosperous Riverdale enclave of the Bronx, fed on progressive politics and duly enrolled in private schools."
  51. ↑ Dunlap, David W. "Bronx Residents Fighting Plans Of a Developer", The New York Times, November 16, 1987. Accessed May 4, 2008. "A battle has broken out in the Bronx over the future of the peaceful acreage where U Thant lived when he headed the United Nations. A group of neighbors from Riverdale and Spuyten Duyvil has demanded that the city acquire as a public park the 4.75-acre (19,200 m2) parcel known as the Douglas-U Thant estate, north of 232d Street, between Palisade and Douglas Avenues."
  52. ↑ Biography: Richard J. Tofel, International Freedom Center. Accessed May 4, 2008.
  53. ↑ Frank, Mortimer H. "A Toscanini Odyssey", The Juilliard Journal Online, April 2002. Accessed February 26, 2008. "That archive was housed at Wave Hill, Toscanini's Riverdale residence during World War II."
  54. ↑ "FEAR THAT GEN. WEBB WILL NOT RECOVER; Artillery Commander in the "Bloody Angle" at Gettysburg on His Deathbed.", The New York Times, February 12, 1911. Accessed May 4, 2008.
  55. ↑ Stern, Eliyahu. "Leaping to respectability", The Jerusalem Post, May 24, 2002. Accessed May 4, 2008. "Based in the affluent Jewish enclave of Riverdale, in the New York City borough of the Bronx, Weiss has never really been accepted in the upper echelons of the US Jewish establishment."
  56. ↑ Rosalyn Yalow Autobiography, Nobel Prize. Accessed February 24, 2008. "During that period Aaron and I had two children, Benjamin and Elanna. We bought a house in Riverdale, less than a mile from the VA."

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